Описание тега tcp-ip
TCP/IP is an acronym Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. It is a protocol stack that is responsible for endpoint-to-endpoint communications between two or more devices. Please use this tag if your question is specific to TCP/IP.
TCP/IP was developed in the early 1970's as part of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, otherwise known as DARPA. It was developed by Kahn and Cerf during their research into the technologies of data transmission. Defined by RFC793.
The protocol stack is made of different layers as shown:
- Application layer - front end, such as web browsers, email clients, file transfer clients, SSH clients, SMTP clients, to name but a few.
- Transport layer - Flow control and error correction methods are in that layer to ensure the reliability of data transmission, also traverse the host-to-host connections. This is where the Transport Control Protocol resides in.
- Internet layer - This is where the Internet Protocol is residing in, and it establishes the networking and also the internet as we know of today, traversing of the IP addresses when communicating to other hosts.
- Link layer - this describes the physical protocols used at a hardware level to transmit the datagrams that are wrapped/unwrapped from the upper levels. In other words, at the cabling level, such as ethernet is one, and another example is Token Ring. The primary hardware used now today is the ethernet cable.