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`printf` is a common function for formatted output. C and many other languages have a whole family of related functions. Only use this tag if the question is directly concerned with `printf` or related functions.

For detailed information on how the printf function works in C, refer to Open Group Base Specifications or the C standard.

C99 knows these members of the printf()-family:

  printf     vprintf     wprintf     vwprintf
 fprintf    vfprintf    fwprintf    vfwprintf
 sprintf    vsprintf    swprintf    vswprintf
snprintf   vsnprintf   snwprintf   vsnwprintf

POSIX additionally knows these:

 dprintf    vdprintf

GNU adds these:

asprintf   vasprintf

The name is generally of the form:

  • optional v for va_list
  • output specifier: None for stdout, f for FILE*, s for supplied buffer, sn for supplied buffer of specified length, as for allocated buffer, d for supplied file descriptor
  • optional w for wide variant.
  • printf

Documentation for printf function is available on Linux/Unix in section 3 of the manual and can be accessed by using man 3 printf.

For a multi-lingual description of the history of printing formatted strings across many languages, refer to Wikipedia article printf format string